Lexicon

• Action Space : The set of all Actions that a particular Agent may perform. All Actions performed by an Agent are sampled from its Action Space.

• Action : An Event in which Information exits an Agent.

• Actor Boundary : The surface that separates an Actor from its Environment.

• Actor : An Object that interacts with an Environment through Events.

• Bit String : A sequence of Bits of arbitrary length $B^n := (b_k)_{k=0}^n , \ k \in \mathbb{N}$.

• Bit : A boolean variable $b \in \{ 0, 1 \}$. Represents the answer to a yes/no question.

• Environment : An Object that is defined relative to a particular Actor. It is seperated from an Actor by an Actor Boundary, and encompasses all content needed to process any relevant Events.

• Event : Information that crosses the Actor Boundary.

• Evidence : Indication of a Model’s accuracy. An Observation can be used as Evidence for a Model based on the correlation between the Model and the Observation.

• Existential Difference Operator : A World State Operator which defines differences between Objects existing between World States.

• Information : Anything that can be encoded into a Bit String.

• Model : A System that represents another System. Examples of Models include maps, blueprints, simulations, mathematical models, beliefs and claims.

• Object : A set of correlated Observations.

• Observation Space : The set of all Observations that a particular Agent may observe. All Observations perceived by an Agent are sampled from its Observation Space.

• Observation : An Event in which Information enters an Agent.

• Preference : An Agent’s expression of predilection between two World States. Preference may favour either State, or may reflect indifference. Preference is not intrinsic, and cannot be specified in the absence of an Agent.

• Reasonable/Unreasonable : A definition of reason.

• System : An Object composed of correlated member Objects.

• Utility : Synonymous with Value.

• Valuation : The process of assigning a Value.

• Value : A measurement of the aggregate Preference of a particular World State.

• Vulcan Constant : Concantenate the set of all Bit Strings of increasing length in numerical order $\{ 0, 1, 00, 01, 10, 11, ... \}$ and interpret as a binary fraction $\mathbb{V_c} := .0100011011...$.

• Vulcan Set : The set of all Bit Strings of infinite length $\mathbb{V} := \{ B_0^{\infty}, B_1^{\infty}, \dots, B_{\infty}^{\infty} \} , \ B_i^{\infty} \neq B_j^{\infty}$.

• World Model : An Agent’s internal Model of its World. Denoted $W_A$ where $A$ is the reference Agent.

• World State Operator : An operator which establishes relationships between World States.

• World State : Given that the Information in an Environment may change with respect to some parameter (for example, time), World State defines a static snapshot of the Information within an Environment. In other words, a World State is an Environment where all Information is held constant. Denoted $w \in W$. When used with a reference Agent, $w_A \in W_A$, World State refers to a static snapshot of an Agent’s World Model as opposed to the World itself.

• World : Synonymous with Environment. Denoted $W$.